Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Prevention of Oral Cancer among Tobacco Chewers

 

Mrs.  Nirmala V.1, Ms.  Athahari Begu2, Mrs.  Anuradha2

1Associate Professor, MES College of Nursing, Palachode P.O, Kolathur Via, Malaparamba, Perinthalmanna, Malappuram Dt., Kerala- 679338

2Lecturer, Prathima College of Nursing, Palachode P.O, Kolathur Via, Malaparamba, Perinthalmanna, Malappuram Dt., Kerala- 679338

*Corresponding Author Email: suninirmala@gmail.com.

 

 

ABSTRACT:

A quasi experimental study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on prevention of oral cancer among the tobacco chewers in Nagunoor village, Karimnagar.

 

The population of the study was tobacco chewers at Nagunoor village, Karimnagar.  The sample size was 50, selected by non-probability convenient sampling technique.  A questionnaire and video assisted teaching programme was prepared to assess the knowledge of the tobacco chewers on prevention of oral cancer.  Before and after the video assisted teaching programme through pretest and posttest respectively.  Data collection was done with the help of structured questionnaire using interview technique.  Fifty tobacco chewers were assisted regarding knowledge on prevention of oral cancer in pretest 80% of tobacco chewers had average knowledge and none of the tobacco chewers had above average knowledge.  In post test 52% of tobacco chewers had average knowledge and none of the tobacco chewers had below average knowledge. Comparative analysis showed that the mean of knowledge score during the pretest was 19.26 whereas during post test was 25.62.  This difference of knowledge score was found to be statistically significant.  The ‘t’ value obtained was 10.2, hence it was shown that the video assisted teaching programme improved the knowledge of tobacco chewers on prevention of oral cancer.

 

KEYWORDS: Tobacco chewers, Oral cancer, Snuff.

 

INTRODUCTION:

Cancer is one of the major threats to public health in the developed world and increasingly in the developing world. In developed countries cancer is the second most common cause of death. According to the world health report 2004, Cancer accounted for 7.1 million deaths in 2003 and it is estimated the overall number of new cases will rise by 50% in the next 20 years. Oral cancer is more common in developing than developed countries. The prevalence of oral cancer is particularly high among men. Incidence rates for oral cancer vary in men from 1 to 10 cases per 100 000 population in many countries.

 

In south-central Asia, cancer of the oral cavity ranks among the three most common types of cancer. In India, the age standardized incidence rate of oral cancer is 12.6 per 100 000 population. It is noteworthy that sharp increases in the incidence rates of oral cancer have been reported for several countries and regions such as Denmark, France, Germany, Scotland, central and Eastern Europe and to a lesser extent in Australia.

 

Oral cancer is largely a lifestyle disease as that the majority of cases are related to tobacco and alcohol use. Approximately 90% of people with mouth cancer are tobacco users. People who stop using tobacco, even after many years of use can greatly reduce their risk of all related illness, including cancer. The best way to avoid oral cancer is to never start smoking or chew tobacco in any form.

 

NEED FOR THE STUDY:

Cancer is a fatal disease. It can be cured if detected in an early stage. Oral cancer is a habitual disease as it occurs due to so many reasons like smoking, tobacco chewing, oral snuff usage, and alcohol beverages etc.

 

India has one of the highest incidences of oral cancer in the world. The high incidence of oral cancer and oral pre-cancerous lesions in India has long been linked with the habit of betel quid chewing incorporating tobacco. Oral cancer ranks number one among men and number three among women in India. Oral cancer constitutes 12% of all cancers in men and 8% of all cancers among women.

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

A study to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on prevention of oral cancer among tobacco chewers in selected area at Nagunur village, Karimnagar District, Andhra Pradesh.

 

 

OBJECTIVES:

1.       The objectives of the study were to:

2.       Assess the level of knowledge regarding prevention of oral cancer before and after video assisted teaching programme among tobacco chewers.

3.       Develop and administer video assisted teaching programme on prevention of oral cancer among tobacco chewers.

4.       Evaluate the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on prevention of oral cancer among tobacco chewers.

5.       Associate the post test knowledge score of tobacco chewers with their selected demographic variables.

 

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:

The conceptual framework of the study was based on the context, input, process and product (CIPP) model by stuffle beam. This model consists of four steps of programme evaluation and obtaining information for taking decisions. It provides comprehensive, systematic and continuous ongoing frame work for programme evaluation.

 

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

Research Approach:

An evaluative approach was selected for the study.

Research Design:

Quasi experimental one group pretest and posttest design.

Setting of the study:

he study was conducted at Nagunur village Karimnagar District.

Study population:

The population selected for the study was includes all tobacco chewers.

Sampling technique:

Non probability convenient sampling was used.

Sample size:

50 tobacco chewers were selected for the study.

 

An Overview of Research Methodology

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT

Part-I

Consist of selected demographic variables.

Part -II

Consists of structured interview questionnaire consist of 40 multiple choice questions to assess the knowledge of tobacco chewers.

 

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE:

The first phase pre test was conducted for the group. The second phase researcher conducted video assisted teaching programme to the same group. In the third phase, post test was conducted with the same questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data collected.

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

·         50 tobacco chewers was assessed regarding knowledge on prevention of oral cancer.

·         In the present study findings revealed that the mean of knowledge score in pretest 20% of tobacco chewers had below average knowledge and 80% of tobacco chewers had average knowledge score whereas in post test 52% of tobacco chewers had average knowledge and 48% of tobacco chewers had above average knowledge.

·         The mean knowledge score during the pre test was 19.26 and standard deviation 2.34 where as during the post test it was 25.62 and standard deviation 3.77.  This difference of knowledge score is found statistically significant.

·         The obtained‘t’ value for over all knowledge score is significant.

·         There is an association knowledge regarding prevention of oral cancer among tobacco chewers with demographic variable such as sex, marital status was significant.

 

RECOMMENDATIONS:

·         Similar studies can be conducted on tobacco chewers in different areas.

·         The same study can be conducted with control group.

·         A protocol can be established regarding prevention of oral cancer.

 

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING:

Nursing Education:

The nurse educator should reorient the nursing curriculum to gain more knowledge on oral cancer prevention.

 

Health programmes and conference can be conducted to nurses to provide quality care in community and hospitals.  There is increased need for the nurse educations to highlight the importance of prevention of oral cancer to learners.  So that tobacco chewers can be benefited.

 

Nursing service:

Nurses should have the advance knowledge on prevention of oral cancer and conducting health programme to get awareness regarding oral cancer.

 

Nursing Administration:

There is an increased need for periodical in service educational programme for the nurse on prevention of oral cancer.  The nurse administer can encourage the nurses to improve knowledge on oral cancer.

 

Nursing research:

·         There is need to improve knowledge on prevention of oral cancer as there is increased incidence of metastatic cancers.

·         Research can be done in a various aspects like effectiveness of treatment, complications and management.

 

CONCLUSION:

It concluded that video assisted teaching programme could effectively increase the knowledge of tobacco chewers regarding prevention of oral cancer. That can be reducing the incidence and prevalence of tobacco chewers.

 

Comparison of pretest and post test score of deviation and frequency to determine the effectiveness of video teaching programme.

N = 50

Parameters

Time interval

No.of subjects

Mean

Standard Deviation

t value

Critical value

Knowledge regarding

oral cancer

Pre test

50

19.26

2.34

10.2

2.02*

Post test

50

25.62

3.77

 

 

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JOURNALS:

1.        Apple, L.J., Champagne, C.M. and Harsha, D.W. (2003). Journal of American Medical Association 289(16); 2083-2093.

2         Deshmukh, Gupta, S. and Bharame, M.S (2005) “A study to know the prevalence of oral cancer bits correlates and levels of awareness in rural Wardha”. Journal of oral cancer and population in developing countries 18(6); 442.

3         Syamal Kumar, Kalyan Sanyal and Arindam Basu (2007). “A study on determinants   of adherence to medical regimens by oral cancer patients”.  Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 18: (3)-370.

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16(2), 1-173.

 

 

 

 

Received on 05-.05.2012         Modified on 14.05.2012

Accepted on 25.05.2012          © A&V Publication all right reserved

Asian J. Nur. Edu. and Research 2(2): April-June 2012; Page 83-86